In dogs with clinical signs of painful esophageal dysfunction, diagnosis is facilitated by endoscopic biopsy and histologic evaluation of esophageal epithelium. Published on 21 February 2023, by Giulia Pignataro In dogs, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) causes inflammation, regurgitation, and pain, and the accompanied by characteristic reflux-related esophageal complications occur, including ulceration, stenosis, and epithelial metaplasia. In addition, […]